I switched to both the Woodmart theme and its Child theme — but the same issue persists with the Stripe “Place Order” button.
Interestingly, on another site where I use an older version of WooCommerce, the same custom code works fine. That makes me believe it’s caused by outdated WooCommerce templates inside the Woodmart theme. Specifically, it overrides form-checkout.php and thankyou.php, which seem to interfere with Stripe JS hooks.
thanks